A recent trend in geographic information systems (GIS) is the integration of different data sources. A GIS project is no longer limited to the use of traditional maps with point, line, and polygon map features, but it may also involve grids, satellite images, digital elevation models, digital orthophotos, and scanned data files. These "nontraditonal" data are generally grouped as raster data or images and grids. The processing of raster data in ARC/INFO and ArcView is different than that for feature coverages. This workbook is a tutorial that helps you to quickly become proficient with the use of images and grids in your GIS projects.

This tutorial along with the companion CD will guide you through ArcView and ARC/INFO exercises on basic image and grid processing. Our tutorial approach is designed to get you started. Once you have completed the exercises in this workbook, you will be comfortable with basic raster GIS processing and you will find the transition to learning more advanced raster processing relatively easy.
 

Part 1: Displaying Images

Chapter 1: Image Display

Images, GIS, and Visualization

• Panchromatic Display
• Contrast Enhancements
• Panchromatic Display Using Arc/Info
• Panchromatic Display Using ArcView
• Grid Display Using Arcplot
• Grid Display Using ArcView Spatial Analyst
• Color Display
• Color Models in Arc/Info
• Color Display Using Arcplot
• Color Display Using ArcView
• Producing Image-Based Slideshows With ArcPlot
• Hotlink in ArcView

Chapter 2 Surfaces

Shaded Relief and 3-D Perspectives

• Perspective Views
• Perspective Views Using ArcTools
• Perspective Views Using ARCPLOT Commands
• Draping Features and Images on Perspective Surfaces
• Hypsometric Coloring of Perspective Surfaces
• Shaded Relief Display
• Shaded Relief Display Using ARCTOOLS
• Shaded Relief Display Using ARCPLOT

Part 2: Image Sources

Chapter 3 Scanning

An Alternative To Tablet Digitizing

• Bits and Bytes
• Color versus Grayscale Scanning
• Binary Threshold Scanning
• Scanning Density
• Computing Scan File Size Requirements
• Generic Image Formats
• Proprietary Image Formats
• Heads-Up Digitizing Using ARCSCAN
• Simple Raster-to-Vector Data Conversion
• Using ARCSCAN Utilities With ARCEDIT

Chapter 4 Remote Sensing

Current, Multi-Purpose Data

• Spectral Regions
• Imaging Resolution---Spatial, Spectral, Temporal, and Radiometric
• Historic Satellite Imagery
• New High Spatial Resolution Satellite Images
• Quality Control
• Digital Orthophotographs
• Digital Orthophotos in ARCPLOT
• Digital Orthophotos in ARCEDIT
• Digital Orthophotos in ArcView
• Displaying Multi-Band Image in ARCPLOT
• Displaying Multi-Band Image in ArcView

Part 3: Fitting Images To Your GIS

Chapter 5 Registering to Real World Coordinates

GIS Spheriods and Planes

• Map Projections
• Commonly Used Map Projections
• Datums
• Coordinate Systems
• National Map Accuracy Standards
• Map Projections and Coordinate Systems in ARC/INFO
• Map Projections and Coordinate Systems in ArcView

Chapter 6 Image Rectification

Transforming Images to Fit Your GIS

• Affine Transformation
• Developing Affine Transformation Models: A Simple Example
• Image Adjustments By Affine Transformation---Scale, Translation, and Rotation
• Unwarping Images in ARC/INFO
• Transforming Scanned Maps in ARC/INFO
• Rectifying Images---Resampling Options
• Image Rectification Using ARC/INFO
• Rectifying Grids Using ArcView

Part 4: Classifying Images---Transforming Data To Information

Chapter 7 Unsupervised Classification

Grouping Similar Pixels

• Spectral Clustering Using ArcView Spatial Analyst
• Assigning Cover Types To Spectral Classes Using ArcView Spatial Analyst
• Single Band Versus Multi-band Classification
• Multispectral Clustering Using ARC/INFO GRID
• Mapping Spectral Similarity With Hierarchical Cluster Analysis
• Assigning Cover Types To Spectral Classes Using ARC/INFO GRID

Chapter 8 Supervised Classification

Using Training Areas To Classify Images

• Training Area Selection
• Using ARCEDIT to Delineate Training Areas
• Developing Training Area Statistics
• Maximum Likelihood Classification
• Maximum Likelihood Supervised Classification Using ARC/INFO GRID

Chapter 9 Classification Accuracy Assessment

The Bottom-Line of Classification

• The Error Matrix
• Reference Data
• Stratified Random Sampling Using ARC/INFO
• Assigning Reference Data Values Using ARCEDIT
• Producing An Error Table Using ARC/INFO ARCEDIT And GRID
• Producing An Error Table Using ArcView Spatial Analyst
• Filling an Error Matrix From the Error Table
• Accuracy Types From the Error Matrix

Part 5: Grid and System Operations

Chapter 10 Grid Management, Clipping, and Resampling

Tools For Grid Images

• Describing, Copying, Renaming and Deleting Grids in ARC/INFO
• Describing, Copying, Renaming and Deleting Grids in ArcView
• Cutting Grids Into Tiles in ARC/INFO and ArcView
• Cutting Grids Using Polygons in ARC/INFO and ArcView
• Image Merging Operations in ARC/INFO and ArcView
• Resampling Grids in ARC/INFO and ArcView

Chapter 11 Noise Removal With ARCSCAN Tools

Cleaning Up Scans

• Removing Speckles
• Removing Noise Regions
• ARCSCAN Sketch Tools

Grid Editing in ARCEDIT

Chapter 12 Filtering and Eliminating Groups of Pixels

Focal Operations

• Edge Enhancement in ARC/INFO and ArcView
• Majority Filtering in ARC/INFO and ArcView
• Eliminating Groups of Pixels in ARC/INFO and ArcView

Chapter 13 System Integration

Automation and Communication

• Automatic Batch Processing
• Communication Between ARC/INFO and ArcView
• Eliminating Groups of Pixels in ARC/INFO and ArcView

 email: D.Verbyla@uaf.edu